PRACTICE IELTS READING TEST 10 WITH ANSWERS
READING PASSAGE 1
You
should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 , which
are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
REIKI
B. According
to Reiki philosophy, only by undergoing an
attunement process performed by a Reiki Master is
an individual able
to access, then channel this positive energy within,
this ability once established is considered to be enduring. Once attuned, it is
said that an individualhas the ability to allow energy to flow
to weak or diseased areas of the body, so activating a natural
healing process. Reiki energy is considered to be
‘intelligent energy’ in that it automatically flows to such areas;
for this reason, practitioners believe that diagnosis of
a specific problem is unnecessary beforehand and that the practice
can be used as preventative medicine and encourage healing prior to
the onset of tangible symptoms. Since healing initiated by Reiki treatment
is entirely natural, many practitioners are confident that it can be used
alongside any other type of treatment without
adverse affect; however, others recommend that since the patient
may undergo significant internal improvement for certain
ailments – diabetes, for example – careful monitoring is required since such
improvements may establish a need for an alteration in medication
requirements.
C. A ‘whole
body’ Reiki treatment session typically lasts between to 90 minutes. The
subject is required to lie down – often on a treatment table – clothed in
comfortable and loose fitting attire. Treatment
may involve the practitioner placing their hands on the
recipient in a varietyof positions; however, some therapists take a
non-touching approach, holding their hands a few centimeters away
from the body. Hands are usually held in one position for up to 5 minutes
before moving on to the next part of the body; between 12 and 20 hand positions
are generally used. Those who have undergone a Reiki treatment session often
state that they experienced a pleasant warmness in the area
of focus and a feeling of contentment and relaxation throughout the
session.
D. The
healing energy is said to originate in the universe itself and is not
the passing of personal energy from practitioner to
patient; it is therefore thought to be inexhaustible and the personal
well-being of the practitioner uncompromised. While some masters and
teachers hold that subjects must be receptive to the concept in order
for energy to flow, others believe that the attitude of the
patient is of no consequence and that benefits will follow regardless; for this
reason, those following the latter school of thought say that since Reiki
requires no conscious belief it can also benefit the well-being
of animals and plant life.
E. Controversy
surrounds the practice of Reiki, some in opposition as they say that Reiki may
offer only a perceived improvement in health
and therefore only a ‘placebo’ effect. Whilst the practice of Reiki
itself is not necessarily considered potentially harmful,
some medicalpractitioners are concerned that its benefits may be
over-estimated by patients and that, as a result, they’ may ignore or
bandon conventional treatments. Others argue against the reliability
of Reiki due to the lack of regulation of practitioners, holding that patients
may be left vulnerable to illegitimate therapists who lack knowledge
and skill. While Reiki is not connected to any particular religious doctrine,
some religious leaders oppose the practice for spiritual reasons; however, others
hold that the meditative principles involved in treatment have enhanced their
own ability to explore and embrace their own particular religion.
F. Limited
scientific studies in the authenticity of Reiki have been conducted.
During researchconducted by the Institute of Neurological
Studies at South Glasgow University Hospital it was observed that there was
a significant decrease in heart rate and blood pressure amongst
subjects receiving 30 minutes of Reiki treatment as opposed to a group
receiving placebo treatment of 30 minutes rest. Since the test group consisted
of a small number of subjects just 45 – the research recommendations
concluded a requirement for further studies. A similarly
small preliminary study into the potential effects of Reiki
on patients suffering mild dementia, conducted in the USA, tentatively
suggested that treatment had a positive effect on the subjects’
memory abilities; however, research limitations included insufficient
analysis of potential placebo affects.
G. Other
studies have also attempted to determine correlation between Reiki treatment
and improvement in cancer and stroke patients. Whilst investigations into the
first condition indicated a seemingly positive effect on degrees of
fatigue, pain and stress experienced by sufferers, the
second project failed to reveal a link between treatment
and improvement in the subjects’ condition and rehabilitation. Theories have
been put forward that the benefits of energy treatments such as Reiki
may be scientifically attributed to the effect of electromagnetic fields;
however, the majority researchers agree that more extensive
investigation is required.
Questions 1 – 3
Choose THREE letters A-H.
Write your answers in boxes 1- 3 on your
answer sheet
N.B. Your answers may be given in any order
Which THREE of the following statements are
true of Reiki?
A . Principles
for self-healing differ to those used on others.
B . Attunement is
said to have a permanent effect on the recipient.
C . Its
preventative properties are more significant than cure.
D . There are
differences in opinion regarding its use with other therapies.
E . The treatment
typically involves contact between the therapist and the patient.
F . The
recipient’s own energy is the key to the philosophy.
G . Some
therapists believe a pessimistic approach affects results.
H . It is only
practiced on human subjects.
Questions 4 – 9
Reading Passage 1 has seven
paragraphs A-G.
Which paragraph contains the following
information? You can use each paragraph more than once.
4 A
scientific explanation of why Reiki may have positive effects.
5 An
overview of the practicalities of how Reiki is performed.
6 The
pre-requisite required to experience Reiki benefits.
7 When
patients faith and expectations cause concern.
8 The
immediate effects that can be experienced by recipients.
9 The
safety of conducting therapy for practitioners.
Questions 10 – 13
According to the information in Reading
Passage 1, classify the following research findings into the benefits of Reiki
as relating to
A. The Institute of
Neurological Studies
B. Research conducted in the
USA
C. Cancer research
D. Stroke research
Write the correct letter A, B, C or D in
boxes 10 – 13 your answer sheet
10 The
groups’ comfort and quality of life appeared to improve.
11 No
apparent links were identified.
12 Results
were compared to a control group who did not receive Reiki treatment
13 Recollection
ability seemed to be enhanced.
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27 , which are based on Reading Passage 2
below.
SCULPTURE
A. Sculpture, the practice of creating a three-dimensional
object for artistic and aesthetic purposes, dates back as far as prehistoric
times. Since objects created are intended to be enduring, traditionally
sculptures have been forged from durable materials such as bronze, stone,
marble and jade; however, some branches of the art also specialise in creating
figurines of a more ephemeral nature, ice sculpture, for example. The practice
of sculpting in many countries has traditionally been associated with
religious philosophy; for example, in Asia
many famous sculptures are related to Hinduism or Buddhism.
B. In Africa, perhaps more than any other region in the world, three-dimensional artwork is
favoured and given more emphasis than two
dimensional paintings. Whilst some experts hold that the art of sculpture in
the continent dates back to the Nokcivilisation of Nigeria in 500 BC, this is
disputed due to evidence of the art’s existence in Pharaonic Africa.
C. To the expert eye,
African art is clearly defined by the region from
which it is from and easily identifiable from the differences in technique used and material from which it is made.
Figurines from the West African region are
sculpted in two distinctly different forms. The first is characterised by
angular forms and features with elongated bodies, such sculptures being
traditionally used in religious rituals. Conversely, the traditional wood
statues of the Mande speaking culture possess
cylindrical arms and legs with broad, flat surfaces. Metal sculptures which
hail from the eastern regions of West Africa, are heralded by many as amongst
the most superior art forms ever crafted.
D. Central African sculpture may be a little more difficult
to identify for the novice observer as a
wider variety of materials may be used,
ranging from wood to ivory, stone or metal. However, despite tills,
the distinct style of
usage of smooth lines and circular forms still helps to define the
origin of such works. In both Eastern and Southern Africa, typically, art
depicts a mixture of human and animal features. Art from the former region Is usually created in the form of a pole carved
in human shape and topped with a human or animal image which
has a strong connection with death, burial and the spiritual world. Such
creations are less recognised as art in the traditional sense than those from
other parts of Africa. In Southern Africa, the human/animal hybrid
representations are fashioned from clay, the oldest known examples dating back
to from between 400 and 600 A.D.
E. Although these distinct and
defining regional differences in artistic expression exist, there are also
universal similarities which define African
art as a whole. Primarily a common characteristic is that focus is predominantly on
representation of the human form. A second common trait of African art is that
it is often inspired by a ceremonial or
performance-related purpose; the meaning behind the art and its purpose often
intended to be interpreted in a different way depending on an individual’s age, gender or
even social and educational status.
F. Throughout the African continent, artworks tend to be
more abstract in nature than intending to
present a realistic and naturalistic portrayal of the subject in question.
Artists such as Picasso, Van Gogh and Gauguin are said to have been influenced
and inspired by African art. Its ability to stimulate emotional
reaction and imagination generated a great deal of interest from western
artists at the beginning of the 20th century. As a result, new European works
began to emerge which were of a more abstract nature than previously conceived. More
intellectually and emotionally stimulating art was born than had been seen before
in a culture which had traditionally
faithfully represented and depicted the true and exact form of its subjects.
G. The ‘Modernism’ movement of the 20th century embraced
innovation in literature and art, its devotees wishing to move beyond realism
in artistic expression. The sculptor Henry Spencer Moore, born in 1898 in
Yorkshire, was one of the key players involved in introducing and developing
his own particular style of modernism to the
British art world. He is best known for his abstract bronze
sculptures of the human form, many critics drawing parallels between the
undulating landscapes and hills of his home county Yorkshire and the shapes and
lines of his sculptures.
H. By the 1950s, Moore’s work was increasingly in
demand and he began to secure high profile
commissions including an artwork for the UNESCO building in Paris. By the end
of Moore’s career, due to his popularity and
the scale of the projects he undertook, the
sculptor was extremely affluent; however,
a huge proportion of his wealth was donated
to the Henry Moore Foundation established
with the aim of supporting education and promotion of the arts. The foundation is a registered charity and has continued to
offer funding to a wide range of projects
including grants to arts institutions and bursaries and fellowships for
students and artists since Moore’s death in 1986.
Questions 14 –17
Complete the summary
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each
answer.
Write your answers in boxes 14-17 on your
answer sheet.
In Africa, sculpture is more predominant and more highly 14 than
canvas art, for example.
In Asia, many prestigious works are connected to 15 values.
Sculpture is an ancient art in which figurines are created from
materials which are, in the main, 16 to
ensure longevity of the art form; however, though more 17 ,
materials such as ice are used in certain spheres.
Questions 18 – 22
Complete the table
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage
for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 18-22 on your
answer sheet.
|
|
||
|
REGIONAL
AFRICAN ART
|
||
|
Region
|
Style
|
Additional
Information
|
|
Eastern
Africa
|
Subjects
similar to the 18 area of the
country.
|
Less
sought-after than other styles of African art.
|
|
Southern
Africa
|
Artwork
representing human & animal form
|
Made
from 19
|
|
Western
Africa
|
Style 1
Sharp lines, long bodies
|
Conventionally
made for the purpose of 20
|
|
Style 2
Cylindrical,
broad and flat lines crafted from 21
|
Made by Mande
speakers
|
|
|
Central
Africa
|
Smooth lines
& circular forms
|
Often more
difficult to recognise due to the diversity of 22 used.
|
Questions 23 – 27
Answer the questions below using NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 23-27 on your
answer sheet.
Verification of art in which civilisation sheds doubt on the
theory that African art dates back to the Nok period? 23
What material is used for the African sculptures many consider
to be the best?24
What ceremonial event are the creations from Eastern Africa
connected with?25
Due to African influence, what did Western art become that
allowed it to be more intellectually and emotionally stimulating?26
What did Moore most often depict which brought him the greatest
recognition?27
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28 – 40 , which are based on Reading Passage 3
below.
GENEALOGY
A. Genealogy, the study of tracing family connections and
relationships through history – so building a cohesive family tree, has become
an increasingly popular hobby from
non-specialist enthusiasts over recent decades. The introduction of the
Internet has, in many ways, spurred interest levels since historical
information has been made far more accessible than previously. Experts warn,
however, that sources obtained from the internet must be considered with
caution as they may often contain inaccuracies, often advising novice
genealogists to join a family history society where they are able to learn
useful skills from experienced researchers.
B. Originally, prior to
developing a more mainstream following, the practice of genealogy focused on
establishing the ancestral links of rulers and noblemen often with the purpose
of disputing or confirming the legitimacy of inherited rights to wealth or
position. More recently, genealogists are often interested in not only where
and when previous generations of families
lived but also details of their lifestyle and motivations, interpreting the
effects of law, political restrictions, immigration and the social conditions
on an individual’s or family’s behaviour at
the given time. Genealogy searches may also result in location of living
relatives and consequently family reunions,
in some cases helping to reunite family members who had been separated in the
past due to fostering/adoptlon, migration or war.
C. In Australia, there has been a great deal of interest of
late, from families wishing to tracetheir links to
the early settlers. As a result of the loss of the American colonies in the
1700s, Britain was in need of an alternative destination
for prisoners who could not be accommodated in the country’s overcrowded penal
facilities. In 1787, the ‘First Fleet’ which consisted of a flotilla of ships
carrying just over 1300 people (of which 753 were convicts or their children and
the remainder marines, officers and their family members) left Britain’s shores
for Australia. On January 26, 1788 – now celebrated as Australia Day –
the fleet landed at Sydney Cove and the first steps to European settlement
began.
D. Genealogy research has
led to a shift in attitudes towards convict heritage amongst contemporary Australian
society, as family members have been able to establish that
their ancestors were, in fact, not hardened and dangerous criminals, but had,
in most cases, been harshly punished for minor crimes
inspired by desperation and dire economic circumstances. So dramatic has the shift in
attitudes been that having family connections to passengers on the ‘First
Fleet’ is considered nothing less than prestigious. Convicts Margaret Dawson
and Elizabeth Thakery were amongst the first European women to ever set foot on
Australian soil. Details about the former, whose initial death
sentence passed for stealing clothes from her employer was commuted to
deportation, and the latter expelled for stealing handkerchiefs along with
others of similar fate are now available on the internet for eager descendants to
track.
E. Although many of the deported convicts were forbidden to
return to Britain, others such as Dawson, were, in theory, expelled
for a given term. In reality, however, the costs of attempting to return to the
mother country were well beyond the means of the majority. Genealogists
now attribute the successful early
development of Australia to such ex-convicts who decided to contribute fully to society once their sentence had been
served. Many rewards were availableto prisoners
who displayed exemplary behaviour, including land grants of 30 acres or more,
tools for developing and farming the land and access to
convict labour. Genealogy studies also show
that many former prisoners went on to hold powerful positions in the newly
forming Australia society, examples being Francis Greenway – a British
architect expelled on conviction of fraud – who went on to design many of Sydney’s most prominent colonial
buildings, and Alexander Munro, transported after stealing cheese at the age of
15, who would later build Australia’s first gas works and hold the position of
Town Mayor.
F. In North America, the Mormon Church, headquartered in Salt
Lake City, Utah, holds wo major genealogical
databases, the International Genealogical Index and
the Ancestral File,which contain records of
hundreds of million individuals who lived between 1500 and 1900 in the United
States, Canada and Europe. Resources available to
genealogy enthusiasts include the Salt Lake City based Family History Library
and more than 4000 branches where microfilms and microfiches can be
rented for research and the newer Family
Search internet site which provides open access to
numerous databases and research sources. Such
data sharing practices are central and crucial to
genealogical research and the internet has
proven to be a major tool in
facilitating ease of transfer of
information in formats suitable for use in forums and via email.
The global level of interest in and demand for such information has proven
so intense, that traffic load on release of sources such as Family Search and the British
Census for 1901 led to temporary collapse of the host servers.
G. Experts advise that reliability of sources used for
genealogical research should be evaluated in
light of four factors which may influence their accuracy, these being the
knowledge of the informant, the bias and mental state of the informant, the passage of time
and potential for compilation error. First, genealogists should consider who the
information was provided by and what he or she could be ascertained to have
known. For example, a census record alone is considered unreliable as no
named source for the information is likelyto be found. A death certificate signed by an
identified doctor, however, can be accepted as more reliable. In the case
of bias or mental state,
researchers are advised to consider that even when information is given by what
could be considered a reliable source, that
there may have been motivation to be untruthful – continuing to claim a
government benefit or avoidanceof
taxation, for example.
H. Generally, data recorded at the same time or close to the
event being researched is considered to be more reliable than records written
at a later point in time, as – while individuals may intend to give a true
representation of events – factual information may be misrepresented due to
lapses in memory and forgotten details. Finally, sources may be classified as
either original or derivative. The latter refers to photocopies,
transcriptions, abstracts, translations, extractions, and compilations and has
more room for error due to possible
misinterpretations, typing errors or loss of additional and crucial parts of the original documentation.
Questions 28 – 32
Reading Passage 3 has eight
paragraphs A-H.
Choose the correct heading for
paragraphs B and D-G from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i to ix in
boxes 28 – 32 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i. An
Embarrassing Heritage
ii. Assessing
Validity
iii. Diversity
of Application
iv.
Interpretation Errors
v. Past Usage
vi. Useful
Sources
vii.
Australasian Importance
viii. Changing
Viewpoints
ix. Significant
Roles
Example: Paragraph C; Answer:
vii
28 Paragraph
B
29 Paragraph
D
30 Paragraph
E
31 Paragraph
F
32 Paragraph
G
Questions 33 – 36
Do the following statements agree with
the information given in Reading Passage
3?
In boxes 33 – 36 on your answer sheet,
write
TRUE
if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE
if the statement contradicts the
information
NOT GIVEN
if there is no information on this
33 Early
applications of genealogy focused on behaviour, movement and settlement of
populations.
34 The
punishment of deportation was reserved for those who posed a serious threat to
British society.
35 Some
ex-convicts chose to stay in Australia due to the opportunities it presented.
36 Overwhelming
interest in obtaining genealogical information has led to technological
difficulties.
Questions 37 – 40
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D
Write your answers in boxes 37 – 40 on
your answer sheet
37. Why has
recreational genealogy become more popular?
A . Because it is
now a fashionable hobby.
B . Because more
people wish to trace missing relatives.
C . Because there
are less political barriers.
D . Because it is
no longer requires so much effort.
38. Whose
original sentence for breaking the law was reduced?
A . Francis
Greenway.
B . Margaret
Dawson.
C . Alexander
Munro.
D . Elizabeth
Thakery.
39. What is
fundamental to genealogical research?
A . Original
records.
B . Electronic
transfer.
C . Pooling of
information.
D . The IG Index.
40. Why does
census information need to be approached with caution?
A . Because it
cannot easily be attributed to a particular individual.
B . Because it is
often not validated by a physician.
C . Because
administration practices in the past were unreliable.
D . Because
informants may not have been truthful due to financial motivations.
ANSWERS
|
1. B D G
(IN ANY ORDER)
|
21. Wood
|
|
2. B D G
(IN ANY ORDER)
|
22. Materials
|
|
3. B D G
(IN ANY ORDER)
|
23. Pharaonic
Africa
|
|
4. G
|
24. Metal
|
|
5. C
|
25. Burial
|
|
6. B
|
26. Abstract
|
|
7. E
|
27. the
human form
|
|
8. C
|
28. iii
|
|
9. D
|
29. viii
|
|
10. C
|
30. ix
|
|
11. D
|
31. vi
|
|
12. A
|
32. ii
|
|
13. B
|
33. FALSE
|
|
14. Favoured
|
34. FALSE
|
|
15. Religious
|
35. NOT
GIVEN
|
|
16. Durable
|
36. TRUE
|
|
17. Ephemeral
|
37. D
|
|
18. Southern
|
38. B
|
|
19. Clay
|
39. C
|
|
20. Religious
rituals
|
40. A
|
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