PRACTICE IELTS READING TEST 8 WITH ANSWERS
READING PASSAGE 1
You
should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-16 , which
are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
MOBILE PHONES
AND DRIVING
B. Several
countries around the world have already imposed a national Jaw with heavy
infringements. More recently the UK, Australia and Finland have joined the
ranks of countries opposing this very hazardous act, with Ireland imposing the
harshest penalties on the continent (a third offence can mean 3 months
imprisonment). Also in Europe, the Netherlands is fining offenders 2000 Euros
and 2 weeks in jail.
C. This
dangerous distraction contributes largely to motor vehicle accidents
and the statistics are Increasing daily as we continue to take our eyes off the
road to call or even more dangerously text. Research by road safety
groups suggests speaking on a phone whilst driving increases your chances of an
accident, increasing to nine times more likely when texting. Time and
again, in study after study replicated across the world, the use of a cell
phone by the driver has been proven, beyond any sense of reasonable doubt,
to dramaticallyincrease the probability of a
motor vehicle crash.
D. In
New Zealand, a proposal made by a previous Labour led Government
suggests a $50 fine and 27 demerit points for any person using a cell phone
whilst driving, although the Ministry of Transport is still
preparing a report based on public consultation. Although this is only a
pending idea, the government knows this will be a
difficult infringement to police but a start needs to be made and
people need to understand the consequences of what potentially could happen. It
is a common misconception that hands free kits are safe to use,
but researchconducted by Waikato University has proven that these can be
equally as dangerous as hand held phones.
E. On
one hand, using a cell phone whilst driving has become
an integral part of our lives and is going to be a hard habit to
kick. But it has been proven that our reaction time is never fast enough when
confronted with a road hazard, but if you are having a conversation at the same
time it will slow your reaction time by even more. Most people find it takes 2
and a half seconds to react in a dangerous situation but if you are
on the phone you can add another 2 seconds onto that. Your attention is
divided; part of you concentrates on your conversation, the other on driving.
The demands of die conversation and the road are
competing, thereforemaking it a cognitive distraction as well
as physical as you are removing one hand from the steering wheel to
hold the phone. On the other hand, an American radio host suggested that
banning cell phones whist driving was taking it a step too far, “if we ban cell
phones, what’s next? No billboards, coffee drinking, or CD players?” The host
agreed that texting whilst driving was a danger but phoning was not.
F. Many
people agreed with him in saying that texting was a definite hazard
as the act of looking down would lead your eyes off the road. However, doesn’t
holding a conversation while driving seems just as distracting as eating food
or reaching for a CD? Accidents were happening decades before the cell phone
was introduced so should we be taking this matter so seriously?
G. Obviously
opinions will differ on this matter, and it will always remain a
debatable issue. A long list of countries seems to be following
the trend and imposing a law against cell phones on the road, but
there is still and even longer list yet to follow. Lack of data leaves
uncertain results but it seems research is ongoing and
surveys and tests are being carried out on a regular basis to reach some kind
of conclusion as to just how dangerous and potentially fatal this habit may be.
Questions 1 – 6
Reading Passage 1 has seven
paragraphs A – G.
Choose the correct heading for
paragraphs B – G from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-x in boxes 1-6.
List of Headings
i. Impact of
mobile phones in hazards
ii. Texting
statistics
iii.
International reactions
iv. Further
research required
v. Evidence from
around the globe
vi. Challenges
of enforcement
vii. Global
agreement on penalties
viii. Contradictory
data
ix. Risks of
talking to passengers
x. Balancing the
risks
1 Paragraph
B
2 Paragraph
C
3 Paragraph
D
4 Paragraph
E
5 Paragraph
F
6 Paragraph
G
Questions 7 – 11
Look at the following list of statement
(questions 7-11) based on ‘Mobile phones and driving’
Match the statement with the correct
person or department A-E.
A. Ministry of Transport
B. Road safety groups
C. Waikato University
D. American radio host
E. The New Zealand government
7 is
currently putting together feedback from the general public.
8 proposed
specific penalties for mobile phone use while driving.
9 statistically
proven the higher likelihood of an accident.
10 believes
any use of a phone while driving has potential risks.
11 speaking
on the phone is an overrated risk.
Questions 12 – 16
Do the following statements agree with
the information given in the reading passage?
In boxes 12-16 an your answer sheet
write
TRUE
if the
statement agrees with the information
FALSE
if the statement contradicts with the information
NOT GIVEN
if there is no information on this
12 The
law in Ireland regarding mobile phone use while driving is the world’s most
serious.
13 According
to research conducted by road safety groups, speaking on a phone makes an
accident nine times more likely.
14 Reaction
times in an emergency are doubled if the driver is using a mobile.
15 Eating
while driving is statistically as dangerous as using a mobile.
16 More
research is required to form a clearer conclusion.
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 17-29 , which are based on Reading Passage 2
below.
THE EIFFEL TOWER
·
High above the city of
Paris the Eiffel Tower looks over the thousands of tourists that visit her each
day. One of the greatest sites in Paris, the Eiffel Tower was erected in 1889
for the great Paris Exposition.
·
Alexandre Gustave
Eiffel, who also designed the Statue of Liberty, put his designforward
amongst 700 other designs and Eiffel’s design was
chosen collectively without any further thought. The decision was made to build
this radical creation and two years later it
was completed. Eiffel had originally decided to build the tower in Barcelona,
for the Universal Exposition of 1888, but organizers and planners in Barcelona
thought it was a bizarre and expensive
construction, which did not fit into the design of
the city.
·
After the design and build of the Eiffel Tower was confirmed for
Paris, a petition was signed by over 300 names to fight against the building of
this project. These names included Parisian
architects, engineers and famous citizens of Paris. Eiffel was heavily
castigated for his design and was accused of
designing something for its appearance and artistic appeal with
no regard to engineering; opponents to the building claimed that the design did not have sufficient stability
to withstand the high winds its height would
be exposed to. But Eiffel and his team of ex
bridge builders understood the importance of wind forces, and the shape of the
tower was largely decided by mathematical calculation involving wind
resistance.
·
French painters,
sculptures and writers did not see the beauty in the tower and referred to it
as useless and monstrous. However, the Eiffel tower was admired by many notable
people (Rousseau was particularly impressed) and construction began in 1887 and
was soon completed by the end of 1889. In 1909 it was almost demolished because
of the expiration of its 20 year lease but was saved due to its antennas used
for telegraphy at the time, With such a difficult beginning to the Tower. It is
now internationally recognized and is a symbol of
Paris completely accepted and valued by its French Citizens.
·
It took 300 workers
and 15,000 pieces of iron to complete this massive landmark which
now stands at 320 metres tall. With three different levels, the third and
highest level offers panoramic views of the City of Paris and sits 276 metres
above the ground. Today all three levels of the Eiffel Tower are observatory
platforms. The first level offers a souvenir kiosk, gallery and restaurant. The
second level offers telescopes, shops and another restaurant with even
more spectacular views, the third offers a
gallery featuring the history of the Eiffel Tower; a wax reproduction of
Gustave Eiffel and his original office restoration. Although
stairs are still available, lifts commonly
take passengers to all three of these levels.
·
On a dear day you
can see as far as 67 kilometres across Paris. More than 300,000,000 people have
visited the Tower since its completion in 1889 making it one of the most
visited monuments in Europe.
·
Every seven years,
the Eiffel Tower is repainted with 50 to 60 tonnes of paint to protect its framework from rust. So that the Eiffel Tower appears
the same colour at each level when viewing it from the ground up, the Tower is
painted in three different shades of the same colour. The bottom painted with
the darkest brown and the lightest at the top of the tower. At the time of its
completion, the Eiffel Tower was the world’s tallest structureuntil
New York’s Chrysler building was completed in 1930.
·
Today more than 500
hundred people operate the day to day running of the Eiffel Tower. Each and
every day the Eiffel Towers 335 spotlights and 20,000 bulbs create a glistening affect and
at night the Eiffel Tower lights up the city of Paris and is a sight not to be
missed by anyone. The Tower lights up every evening from sunset to lam, coupled
with the light house on the top that sends out its light beams during the same
hours. As recognisable as a night time picture of the Tower is, rulings made in
the early 1990s actually made copyrighted the illuminated image, Unless it is taken as part of a wider panoramic
view, the image is protected under French
law. The argument is that the arrangements and display of
the lighting constitutes an original visual creation,
much as a major work of art, and thus should
be entitled to the same degree of protection, The ruling was and remains
highly controversial, with concerns that an
innocent tourist taking a photograph of the tower at night is potentially
breaching copyright.
Questions 17 – 19
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 17- 19 on your
answer sheet
17. The Eiffel Tower was
A . first built in
Barcelona.
B . the only design
considered.
C . selected by one
man.
D . built in time
for an exposition.
18. In Paris, some people
A . argued that it
was too expensive.
B . wrote letters
against the project.
C . thought it
would not last in the environment.
D . believed there
was not enough room for the design.
19. The Eiffel Tower
A . is 276 metres
tall.
B . has a souvenir
shop on the third floor.
C . has two
restaurants.
D . is the oldest
monument in Europe.
Questions 20 – 22
Complete the summary using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from
Reading Passage 2 for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 20 – 22 on your
answer sheet
Despite some opposition, construction of the tower was concluded
by 20 .
It was almost dismantled in the early 1900s as its 21 had
expired, but was kept because of an 22 used
for telegraphic transfers.
Questions 23 – 29
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answer in boxes 23 – 29 on your
answer sheet.
Which famous person championed the construction of the Eiffel
Tower? 23
On what floor of the tower can gifts be bought? 24
What is the most common way of accessing the three floors? 25
Protection from what requires the tower to be painted so
often? 26
The Tower is painted using three shades of brown so that it
appears what? 27
What was taller than the Eiffel Tower in 1930? 28
When are the illuminations switched on? 29
READING PASSAGE 3
You
should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 30-40 , which
are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
HAZARD
MANAGEMENT
·
In many industrial or manufacturing workplaces, managing hazards
is essential for a successful health and safety system. Hazard management is
an ongoing process that goes through five different stages, with
each step becoming a stage on tire hazard management plan.
·
The first step is to identify potential hazards,
remembering that hazards are classed as anything that could potentially cause
harm not only to people, but also to the organisation.
To illustrate, an industrial accident can cause an injury to
employees, but can also result in lost production, broken machinery and wasted
resources for the company. In many cases, local and national government
legislation has strict regulations concerning hazard identification, and in
many industries, especially those perceived to be dangerous, severe
penalties can be incurred by companies overlooking such hazard identification.
·
Having identified the potential hazards, the next step
is to assess the hazard; that is, to consider to what extent they
are significant. To a degree, this is a
subjective aspect of risk management, as what may be seen by one
person to be a significant issue can be seen by another to be
an acceptable feature of a workplace. To allow for a degree of
uniformity, in this stage, hazards are rated using risk assessment tables.
These tables work by assigning a point value to three areas. The first is the
exposure score, which assesses how often people are exposed to the
hazard. If this is a continuous risk which employees face all the time, the
score will be high; if the exposure is very rare, the points given will be
substantially lower, The score is then multiplied by
the likelihood of this hazard causing an injury, ranging from
‘Definite’ (it happens all the time) down to ‘Unlikely’ (it hasn’t happened
yet). This is referred to as the chances rating. The sum of the first two
scores is again multiplied by the effects score, which considers how serious
any accident might be. This can be rated from 1
(requiring minor fist aid) right up to multiple deaths
(classed as disaster). All 3 scores then give the final risk
assessment result. Generally, a result in excess of 100 points requires
caution, but a result of 200 hundred or more is classed as
high priority. Certain jobs are, for the most part, permanently gamer
scores of over 200 (fire-fighting, for example) and in many cases additional
payments, informally known as ‘danger money’, are applied.
·
The third step on the hazard management plan is to control
hazards that have been identified. There are 3 stages to hazard control. The
first aim is to eliminate the hazard – that is, to get rid of it
altogether. This can be achieved by removing debris or
unnecessary obstacles from the workplace. Often, however, this is not
possible, so the next step is to isolate the hazard, to store it out
of the way. For example, a cleaning company cannot completely eliminate hazardous
chemicals, but they can keep these chemicals locked away until required.
Isolating hazards is an ongoing process which requires companies
to have very dear and enforced guidelines regarding safe storage of potentially
hazardous products.
·
If the hazards cannot be isolated, then the aim must be
to minimise the risk. This is achieved through staff training in safe
handling techniques and best practices, as well as the provision of personal
protection equipment (PPE). PPE commonly includes items such as gloves,
overalls and footwear with steel reinforced areas.
·
The fourth and fifth steps on a hazard management plan are
connected – to record and review’ the hazard. The recording is done in the
hazard register, and this register is continually reviewed
to ensure best practices are maintained. If a severe accident
does occur in the workplace, it is the hazard register that
investigators often first turn to, to see if the issue had previously
been reported and if so what the company bad done about the hazard.
·
It is worth noting that since more rigorous application of
hazard management systems, workplace accidents have experienced
a significant decline in many industries previously identified
as ‘high risk’.
Questions 30 – 31
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your glower in questions 30 and 31 on your answer sheet.
The 5 stages of the managing hazards are
put together as what? 30
Damaged machinery and discarded
resources are two examples of hazards to what? 31
Questions 32 – 37
Complete the summary using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from Reading Passage 3 for each
answer.
Write your answers in boxes 32 – 37 on your answer sheet
To mathematical calculate risk
assessment, 32 stages need to be calculated.
The exposure
score considers the amount of time employees spend working near the hazard.
The 33 then
measures the probability of an accident, ranging from not likely to 34 .
The results are then 35 by
each other, and then again by the degree of seriousness of an accident. The
highest ‘effect’ score is given when more than one person is killed (this is
rated as a 36 ).
When calculated, a result of 200 or more
is considered 37 .
Questions 38 – 40
Complete the flowchart
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from Reading Passage 3 for each
answer.
STAGES
OF HAZARD CONTROL
|
|
|
1st step
is to 38 if possible
|
⇓
|
|
Locate the hazard (
e.g. 39 it out of the way)
|
⇓
|
|
40 hazard
by wearing protective clothing and following safety training
|
ANSWERS
|
1. iii
|
21. Lease
|
|
2. v
|
22. Antennas
|
|
3. vi
|
23. Rousseau
|
|
4. i
|
24. 1st
|
|
5. x
|
25. Lift
|
|
6. iv
|
26. Rust
|
|
7. A
|
27. The
same colour
|
|
8. E
|
28. Chrysler
Building
|
|
9. B
|
29. Sunset
|
|
10. C
|
30. Hazard
management plan
|
|
11. D
|
31. The
organisation
|
|
12. NOT
GIVEN
|
32. Three
|
|
13. FALSE
|
33. Chances
rating
|
|
14. FALSE
|
34. Definite
|
|
15. NOT
GIVEN
|
35. Multiplied
|
|
16. TRUE
|
36. Disaster
|
|
17. D
|
37. High
priority
|
|
18. C
|
38. Eliminate
|
|
19. C
|
39. Store
|
|
20. 1889
|
40. Minimise
|
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